Tay Rail Bridge

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Tay Rail BridgeTay Bridge at Dundee, Scotland from the Dundee LawCarriesRail trafficCrossesFirth of TayLocaleDundee to Wormit, ScotlandTotallength3,264metres (10,710ft)Beginningdate of construction22 July 1871 (1st)6 July 1883 (2nd)Completiondateearly 1878 (1st)1887 (2nd)Openingdate1 June 1878 (1st)13 July 1887 (2nd)Destructiondate28 December 1879 (1st)Coordinates5626?19?N 259?19?W? / ?56.43872鐧?2.988486鐧? / 56.43872; -2.988486A view of the Tay Bridge from DundeeThe Tay Bridge (sometimes unofficially the Tay Rail Bridge) is a railway bridge approximately two and a quarter miles (three and a half kilometres) long[1] that spans the Firth of Tay in Scotland, between the city of Dundee and the suburb of Wormit in Fife (grid reference NO391277).As with the Forth Bridge, the Tay Bridge has also been called the Tay Rail Bridge since the construction of a road bridge over the firth, the Tay Road Bridge. The rail bridge replaced an early train ferry."Tay Bridge" was also the codename for the funeral plans for Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother.Contents1 The first Tay Bridge 1.1 The Tay Bridge Disaster 2 The second bridge 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Notes 4.2 Bibliography 5 External links // The first Tay BridgeOriginal Tay Bridge from the northThe original Tay Bridge was designed by noted railway engineer Thomas Bouch, who received a knighthood following the bridge's completion.[2] It was a lattice-grid design, combining cast and wrought iron. The design was well known, having been used first by Kennard in the Crumlin Viaduct in South Wales in 1858[citation needed], following the innovative use of cast iron in The Crystal Palace. However, the Crystal Palace was not as heavily loaded as a railway bridge. A previous cast iron design, the Dee bridge which collapsed in 1847, failed due to poor use of cast-iron girders. Later, Gustave Eiffel used a similar design to create several large viaducts in the Massif Central (1867).Proposals for constructing a bridge across the River Tay date back to at least 1854. The North British Railway (Tay Bridge) Act received the Royal Assent on 15 July 1870 and the foundation stone was laid on 22 July 1871. As the bridge extended out into the river, it shortly became clear that the original survey of the estuary had not been competent. The bedrock, at a shallow depth near the banks, was found to descend deeper and deeper, until it was too deep to act as a foundation for the bridge piers. Bouch had to redesign the piers, and to set them very deep in the estuary bed to compensate for having no support underneath. He also reduced the number of piers by making the spans of the superstructure girders longer than before. The first engine crossed the bridge on 22 September 1877, and upon its completion in early 1878 the Tay Bridge was the longest in the world. The bridge was opened on 1 June 1878.[3]While visiting the city, Ulysses S. Grant commented that it was "a big bridge for a small city".The Tay Bridge DisasterMain article: Tay Bridge disasterOn 28 December 1879, the first bridge collapsed during a violent storm, while a train was crossing it. Seventy-five people were killed, including Sir Thomas' son-in-law. The disaster was commemorated in one of the best-known verse efforts of William McGonagall.The second bridgeTay Bridge, central sectionA closeup of the central section of the second Tay BridgeA new double-track bridge was designed by William Henry Barlow and built by William Arrol & Co. 60 feet (18 m) upstream of, and parallel to, the original bridge. The bridge proposal was formally incorporated in July 1881 and the foundation stone laid on 6 July 1883. Construction involved 25,000 tons of iron and steel, 70,000 tons of concrete, ten million bricks (weighing 37,500 tons) and three million rivets. Fourteen men lost their lives during its construction, mostly due to drowning.The stumps of the original bridge piers are still visible above the surface of the Tay even at high tide.The second bridge opened on 13 July 1887 and remains in use. In 2003, a ?20.85million strengthening and refurbishment project on the bridge won the British Construction Industry Civil Engineering Award, in consideration of the staggering scale and logistics involved. More than 1,000 tonnes of bird droppings were scraped off the ironwork lattice of the bridge using hand tools, and bagged into 25 kg sacks. Hundreds of thousands of rivets were removed and replaced, all work being done in very exposed conditions, high over a firth with fast-running tides.The full length of the second Tay Bridge.See alsoList of places in Angus History of Dundee David Kirkaldy Harry Watts ReferencesNotes^ including a brick viaduct. ^ Firth of Tay Bridge (1877) in the Structurae database ^ Thomas, John (1969). The North British Railway, vol. 1. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4697-0. BibliographyCharles Matthew Norrie, Bridging the Years: A Short History of British Civil Engineering, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1956. Charles McKean Battle for the North: The Tay and Forth bridges and the 19th century railway wars Granta, 2006, ISBN 1-86207-852-1 John Rapley, Thomas Bouch: the builder of the Tay Bridge, Stroud: Tempus, 2006, ISBN 0-7524-3695-3 External linksFirth of Tay Bridge (1877) in the Structurae database Firth of Tay Bridge (1887) in the Structurae database Tay Bridge page on railscot.co.uk Coordinates: 5626?14.4?N 259?18.4?W? / ?56.437333鐧?2.988444鐧? / 56.437333; -2.988444Categories: Bridges completed in 1887 Category A listed buildings History of Dundee History of Fife Transport in Dundee Transport in Fife Railway bridges in Scotland Bridge disasters in the United KingdomHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements since August 2008
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